The inhibitory function of GDF11/BMP11 in liver cancer by inducing apoptosis and ROS–JNK pathway

Abstract Objectives The inhibitory mechanism of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) on liver cancer cells is unknown. Our study applied RNA-Seq to investigate the transcriptome results after GDF11 treatment, revealing underlying molecule mechanisms roles cells. Methods First, mRNA and protein expression levels were detected through Oncomine database tissue microassay. In vitro , Smad2/3 signaling was checked using Western blot in cell lines (MHCC97-H HCCLM3) treatment. effect investigated by microscopic observation Cell Counting Kit-8 experiment. explored experiments, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, blot. Results reduced human malignant tissues compared normal lines. activated decreased viability HCCLM3). analysis found that 39 genes significantly changed, 9 downregulated, 30 upregulated. could affect apoptosis ROS, JNK signaling. Conclusions may have anti-liver effects affecting inducing ROS-JNK pathway.